Maxwell equations PDE-constrained optimization Magnetic field Modèles analytiques Numerical model Piezoelectricity Permanent Magnet Steel sheet Smart materials Electrical machines Modeling Morphing Branch&Bound Conception Inverse Problem Inverse problem Modèles numériques Topology optimization Control Optimization Shooting method Electromagnetism Adjoint Method Topology Optimization Moteur électrique FDTD Hysteresis Global optimization Analytical model Torque Motor Electroactive morphing Sensitivity Analysis Shape-memory Alloys Design Lorentz force law Additive manufacturing Nonlinear modeling Interval arithmetic Shape memory alloys Iron losses Ironless Finite element method Piézoélectricité Axial flux machines Accouplement magnétique Optimal control Electric Motors Energy harvesting Post-buckled beams Modélisation Electrical machine Partial discharges Analytical modeling Paschen Turbulence Piezoelectric energy harvester Piezoelectric transformer Lumped model Bistable Electromechanical actuator Optimal design Dimensionnement Electric motor Aerodynamics Sensitivity analysis GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Deterministic global optimization Magnetic coupling Heat transfer enhancement Eddy currents Dynamic lumped model Play model Optimization algorithms Piezoelectric actuators Optimisation Finite elements Bistability Actionneurs Hysterons Electromechanical impedance SIMP method HYBRIDIZATION Branch and Bound Algorithm PIV Décharges partielles Minor loops Actuators Magnetic scalar potential Numerical simulation Boundary integral equations Relaxation method Magnetic Flux Leakage Force sensor Magnetostatics Slotless permanent magnet machines Rosen type transformer PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Exact global optimization Shear layer Simulation