Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Micro-supercapacitor Micro-supercapacitors Lithium-ion battery Electrode material Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Lithium ion batteries Sputtering MXene MXenes Fuel cell Magnetron sputtering Binder Activated carbon Photovoltaics Fermi contact Titanium nitride Transition metals DFT Organic batteries Graphite Diazonium chemistry Organic electrode materials Anodes Mercury Grafting Lithium battery Exsolution Supercapacitors Perovskite Vanadium nitride Microstructure Microdevice LiFePO4 Positive electrode Electrodes Li-ion batteries Graphene Degradation Aqueous electrolyte Pseudocapacitance Intercalation Lithium ion battery Lithium batteries Electrolytes GGA+U FeWO 4 Thin films Negative electrode NMR Ionic liquid Batteries - Li-ion Supercapacitor Electrolyte EIS Diazonium salts Interface Coating Ionogel XPS Cyclic voltammetry Capacitance Electrochemical capacitors Electrochemical Capacitor Silicon Electrochemical capacitor Organic battery Batteries Electrode MAS NMR Electrochemical electrodes Nickel oxide CVD Ionogels Manganese dioxide Li-ion battery Ionic liquid electrolytes Chemical vapor deposition Diazonium Microbatteries Ionic conductivity Operando Anode MnO2 Electrical conductivity DFT calculations Energy storage SOFC Lithium-ion batteries Failure mechanism CO2 electrolysis Fe Current collector Electrochemical performance Cycle performance Cycling stability FIB/SEM Impedance spectroscopy Electrochemistry Crystal structure